Very early science
The newest medical quest to know profitable aging can be old because the fresh new procedures of geriatrics and you will gerontology. In the first problem of The latest Gerontologist, Havighurst (1961) put the definition of “profitable ageing” on gerontological area. Havighurst argued that aim of the brand new science from gerontology is “including life towards years” and this one of the major aims out of gerontology is to provide solid advice concerning the societal and you will individual choice who assist someone many years properly. To own Havighurst, a theory from winning aging that could pick this new requirements from personal and you may personal lives around and this someone achieve all in all, fulfillment and you may delight are important.
A couple fighting ideas reigned over Havighurst’s go out. Hobby theory ( Havighurst Albrecht, 1953 ) argued that profitable ageing setting repairs of the factors and you can perceptions out-of middle-age for as long as you’ll and substitution of the latest affairs for those that must be given up. Laying the foundation for what would become Atchley’s (1989) Continuity Principle, Havighurst (1961) demonstrated winning aging given that “repair of the height and you can range of factors one to characterize a person in his finest out-of lifestyle having the very least downwards adjustment” (p. 10). Disengagement concept ( Cumming Henry, 1961 ), at the same time, said that successful aging means enjoy and you can interest in the procedure out of disengagement from productive angelreturn search lifestyle. To decide between this type of theories, Havighurst (1961) told you, “All that is needed are an operational concept of profitable aging and an approach to calculating the levels that someone complement which meaning” (p. 9). So it relatively basic solution has actually confronted scholars for a long time. Inside the Havighurst’s big date, there were of numerous methods away from winning ageing as well as them got their experts. Havighurst and his associates developed a measure of lifestyle pleasure one to got four section-zest in place of indifference; resolution and you can fortitude; god regarding match ranging from wanted and you can attained goals; confident thinking-concept; and you can state of mind build. The shape was applied mainly to check on Hobby Concept, since Disengagement Idea in the future decrease from like, slammed having recommending one to disengagement is inborn, universal, and you will unidirectional.
When you find yourself Havighurst outlined winning aging regarding elderly man or woman’s section out of have a look at, Katz along with his colleagues ( Katz, Ford, Moskowitz, Jackson, Jaffee, 1963 ) argued that successful aging might be seen regarding position off scientists and you can clinicians. Once the good geriatrician and you can health services researcher, Sidney Katz set out to carry out a tool to measure increases and you may loss in real setting of many years. Centered on Katz mais aussi al. (1963) , this new Directory from Things off Day to day living (ADLs) will bring a goal approach with which to analyze aging “if one considers aging just like the an element off numerous deteriorating mental functions” (p. 98). Even in the event Katz with his acquaintances failed to recommend the Directory because the a way of measuring successful ageing, Kusumastuti ainsi que al. (2016) , having fun with a book, hypothesis-totally free, research off citation systems, correctly identified Katz’ work as the foundation of the biomedical, goal conceptualization from winning aging. Once the effective aging search set up, development and you can losings inside the physical performing turned a key element of what it methods to age successfully.
For pretty much three decades, lookup regarding the successful ageing used the fresh separately build traditions away from Havighurst as well as Katz. Indeed, it was not until 1987 that the a couple literatures began to cite one another ( Kusumastuti et al., 2016 ). Once the literatures turned into familiar with one another, the concept one physiologic, mental, and you may social attributes somehow as you influenced effective ageing began to generate.
Example 1: Society and you will strength
An area where ethnographers make continual contributions is during knowing the personal organization off aging organizations. Classic monographs instance Arlie Hochschild’s This new Unforeseen Neighborhood (1973) and you may Barbara Myerhoff’s Amount Our Days (1980) possess starred an important role within the framing understandings off exactly what it means to age. If you’re used almost five age in the past, The newest Unanticipated Area nevertheless provides a brilliant membership of the alternatives out of ageing and community. Replying to brand new next popularity away from disengagement idea within the sociology and you will gerontology-an unit and therefore positioned ageing due to the fact a time period of inescapable public withdrawal-Hochschild utilized the lady observations regarding a years-segregated elder casing venture to reveal an exciting area one ran restrict to those forecasts. The lady results shown exactly how wedding with colleagues inside ages-segregated public room might be not simply functional, however, assist in producing a sense of people and you can efficacy within the after existence.
La entrada Ethnographic tips for lookup to your aging: use that is making of basic toolkit getting skills everyday life se publicó primero en Juan “D” y Beatriz.